Vietnam and China:

Navigating a Complex Geopolitical Landscape  Vietnam's relationship with China is a nuanced and often delicate one, shaped by a long and intertwined history, economic interdependence, and complex geopolitical dynamics.

While the two countries have maintained generally cordial ties since the normalization of their diplomatic relations in 1991, there are ongoing tensions and areas of contention that deserve closer examination.

Historically, Vietnam has often been influenced by and even controlled by its larger northern neighbor.

China's imperial dynasties exerted varying degrees of control over Vietnam for centuries, with periods of autonomy and resistance interspersed. - https://vietnamfocusguide.com/blog/is-vietnam-controlled-by-china/?unique_id_zoyi3vdg

Navigating the Complex Sino-Vietnamese Geopolitical Landscape